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GENERAL TERMS
Karate: Empty Hand
Karate Do: The Way of Karate
Karateka: Practitioner of Karate
Dojo: School or training room
Sensei: Teacher
Sempai: Senior
Kohai: Junior
Kyu: Colour Belt Rank
Dan: Black Belt Rank
Gi: Uniform
Obi: Belt
Hai: Yes
Iie: No
Oss: "I understand"
Kiai: Short Sharp shout on Kime
Kime: Focus of Power
Kihon: Basics
Kumite: Sparring/fighting
Kata: Practice form
Embusen: Floor pattern/lines of a kata
Maai: Distance
Bunkai: Application (interpretation) of kata techniques
Gohon kumite: Five-step sparring
Sanbon kumite: Three-step sparring
Ippon kumite: One-step sparring
Jiyyu kumite: Free sparring
Waza: Technique
Kamae: Posture
Dachi: Stance
Tsuki (Zuki): Punch
Uchi: Strike
Uke: Block
Geri: Kick
Rei: Bow
Ashi-barai: Foot sweep
Yori-ashi: Shifting both feet together
Sugi-ashi: Back foot, front foot movement
Tai-sabaki: Body shifting
Dozo: Please
Domo Arigato Gozaimashita: "Thank-you very much"
MAJOR CONCEPTS
Zanshin: Awareness, Poise and control
Sen: Initiative
Sen no sen: Seizing the initiative earlier; attacking at the same moment your opponent attacks.
Go no sen: Seizing the initiative later; Allowing your opponent to attack first so as to open up target for counter-attacks.
Sen sen no sen: Seizing the opponent’s sen no sen; Attacking before your opponent attacks-a preemptive attack.
COMMANDS
Narande: Line up
Seiretsu: Line up by rank
Yoi: Ready
Hajime: Begin
Yame: Stop
Sensei ni: Face towards the teacher
Otaigai ni: Face towards each other
Shomen ni: Face towards the front
Rei: Bow
Seiza: Meditation position-kneeling
Mokuso: Meditate/Gather Your Thoughts
Mawatte: Turn around
DIRECTIONS
Mae: Front
Yoko: Side
Ushiro: Back
Tate: Vertical
Mawashi: Round
Jodan: Head high level
Chudan: Mid-high level
Gedan: Low level; Down
Migi: Right
Hidari: Left
Tobi: Jump
Gyaku: Reverse
Age: Rising
Uchi: Inner
Soto: Outer
Otoshi: Dropping
Sokumen: Side
BODY PARTS
Ken: Fist
Ippon Ken: Single-point index-finger Fist
Tate Ken: Vertical Fist
Te: Hand
Kaishu: Open hand
Tekubi: Wrist
Teisho: Palm heel
Ude: Forearm
Empi (also Hiji): Elbow
Ashi: Leg
Ashikubi: Ankle
Hiza: Knee
Ensho: Back of the heel
Heisoku: Top (instep) of the foot
Teisoku: Bottom of the foot
Kakato: Heel of the foot
Koshi: Ball of the foot
Sokuto: Outer edge (knife) of the foot
Tsumasaki: Toe tips
Atama: Head
Wan: Arm
Naiwan: Back of Arm
Kata: Shoulder
Jiku Ashi: Pivot leg
Jodan: Head level
Chudan: Mid-level
Gedan: Lower level
COUNTING
Ichi: One
Ni: Two
San: Three
Shi: Four
Go: Five
Roku: Six
Shichi: Seven
Hachi: Eight
Ku: Nine
Ju: Ten
NiJu: Twenty
NiJu-Go: Twenty-five
Hyaku: One Hundred
Ippon: First
Yon: Fourth
Gohon: Fifth
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DACHI WAZA (STANCES)
Kamae: Posture (Yoi)
Heisoku dachi: Formal Attention Stance (Yoi)
Zenkutsu dachi: Front Stance
Kokutsu dachi: Back Stance
Kiba dachi: Straddle Stance
Fudo dachi: Fighting Stance
Musubi dachi: Informal Attention Stance (feet in a 'V")
Hachiji dachi: Open-legged Stance (Yoi)
Shizen-tai dachi: Natural Stance
Neko-ashi dachi: Cat Stance
Renoji dachi: "L" Stance
Kosa dachi: Cross-legged Stance
Hangetsu dachi: Wide Hour-glass Stance
UKE WAZA (BLOCKS)
Age uke: Rising block
Gedan uke: Down block
Soto ude uke: Outside forearm block
Uchi ude uke: Inside forearm block
Shuto uke: Knife block
Morote uke: Augmented block
Kakiwaki uke: Reverse wedge block (Heian 4)
Juji uke: X block
Kosa uke: Cross block (Uchi/gedan uke-Heian 3)
Manji uke: Hi/low block (Heian 5)
Tate shuto uke: Vertical knife-hand block (Heian 3)
Haishu uke: Back-hand block (Heian 5)
Empi uke: Elbow block (Heian 3)
Osae uke: Pressing block (Heian 2, 3)
Otoshi uke: Dropping or falling block (Heian 2, 3)
Nagashi Uke: Sweeping block (Tekki, Jion)
Haiwan Nagashi Uke: Sweeping back-arm block
Te Nagashi Uke: Sweeping hand block (parry) (Heian 5)
Sukui Uke: Scooping block (Bassai, Chinte)
Sokumen Awase Uke: Side combined block (Bassai-Dai)
Tsukami Uke: Grasping block (Bassai-Dai, Jion)
Awase Shuto Age Uke: Combined rising knife-hand block (Kanku-Dai)
Ryowan Uchi Uke: Double inside block( Jion, Bassai-Sho)
Seiryuto Uke: Ox-Jaw block
GERI WAZA (KICKS)
Mae geri keage: Front snap kick
Mae geri kekomi: Front thrust kick
Yoko geri keage: Side snap kick
Yoko geri kekomi: Side thrust kick
Mawashi geri: Round kick
Ushiro geri: Back thrust kick
Fumikomi geri: Stomping kick (Heian 3, 5)
Uchi mikazuki geri: Inside crescent kick
Soto mikazuki geri: Outside crescent kick
Tobi geri: Jumping kick
Name ashi geri: Returning wave kick (Tekki 1)
Hiza geri: Knee kick/strike
Nidan geri: Double kick (Kanku-Dai)
TSUKI WAZA (PUNCHES)
Oi tsuki: Lunge punch
Gyaku tsuki: Reverse punch
Kizami tsuki: Jab
Choku tsuki: Straight punch
Kagi tsuki: Hook punch
Oi-gyaku tsuki: Lunging reverse punch
Ura tsuki: Close punch
Morote tsuki: Parallel punch
Ren tsuki: Double punch
Sanbon tsuki: Triple punch
Age tsuki: Rising punch
Gedan tsuki: Downward punch
Yama tsuki: Wide "U" punch
Awase tsuki: "U" punch
Otoshi tsuki: Dropping punch (Empi)
Ippon Ken tsuki: One-knuckle fist punch (Hangetsu)
UCHI WAZA (Strikes)
Tettsui: Hammer-fist strike
Kumade Uchi: Bear Claw Strike
Uraken Uchi: Backfist Strike
Hiraken Uchi: Foreknuckle Strike
Teisho Uchi: Palm Heel Strike
Ippon Nukite Uchi: Single Finger Strike
Nihon Nukite Uchi: Two Finger Strike (Fork)
Shuto Uchi: Knife Hand Strike
Soto Shuto Uchi: Outside Knife Hand Strike
Uchi Shuto Uchi: Inside Knife Hand Strike
Shihon Nukite Uchi: Spear Hand Strike
Gyaku Haito Uchi: Reverse Backfist Strike
Haito Uchi: Backfist Strike
Empi Uchi: Elbow Strike
Mawashi Empi Uchi: Round Elbow Strike
Mae Empi Uchi: Front Elbow Strike
Otoshi Empi Uchi: Downward Elbow Strike
Ushiro Empi Uchi: Back Elbow Strike
Yoko Empi Uchi: Side Elbow Strike
Yoko Mawashi Empi Uchi: Side Roundhouse Elbow Strike
Tate Empi Uchi: Upward Elbow Strike
Hiza Age Ate: Rising Knee Strike
Washide Uchi: Eagle Beak Strike
Koko Uchi: Tiger Mouth Strike
Haishu Uchi: Back Hand Strike
KATA (Forms)
Heian: Peaceful mind
Tekki: Iron Knight
Bassai: Storm the Fortress
Sho: Lesser, small
Dai: Greater, big
Jion: Temple Ground
Jiin: Temple Sound
Kanku: To look at the sky
Hangetsu: Crescent or Half moon
Empi: Flying Swallow
Chinte: Extraordinary Hands
Jitte: Ten Hands
Gankaku: Crane on a rock
Sochin: To keep the peace; Grand Suppression
Nijushiho: Twenty-four steps
COLORS
Shiro: White
Ki: Yellow
Aoi: Blue
Midori: Green
Murasaki: Purple
Cha: Brown
Kuro: Black
Aka: Red
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